Product Description
Ampicillin + Sulbactam Vial 1.5gm is a combination antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This specific vial contains 1.5gm of the combination, ready to be reconstituted and administered intravenously or intramuscularly.
How Ampicillin + Sulbactam Works:
- Ampicillin: This component belongs to the penicillin class of antibiotics. It works by interfering with the synthesis of peptidoglycans, which are essential components of bacterial cell walls. This disruption weakens the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell lysis and bacterial death.
- Sulbactam: This component is a beta-lactamase inhibitor. It prevents certain bacteria from producing an enzyme called beta-lactamase, which can break down penicillin antibiotics like ampicillin. By inhibiting beta-lactamase, sulbactam allows ampicillin to work effectively against a broader range of bacteria, including those that are resistant to ampicillin alone.
Uses of Ampicillin + Sulbactam Vial 1.5gm:
Ampicillin + Sulbactam is used to treat infections caused by susceptible bacteria, including:
- Respiratory Infections: Pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis.
- Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Cystitis and pyelonephritis.
- Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: Cellulitis, erysipelas, and wound infections.
- Gynecological Infections: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
- Intra-abdominal Infections: Peritonitis and abscesses.
- Bone and Joint Infections: Osteomyelitis.
- Septicemia: Bloodstream infections.
Dosage and Administration:
- Intravenous (IV) or Intramuscular (IM) Administration: Ampicillin + Sulbactam Vial 1.5gm is typically administered intravenously or intramuscularly.
- Reconstitution: The vial contents must be reconstituted with a sterile diluent before administration. The specific diluent and reconstitution instructions will be provided with the vial.
- Dosage Calculation: Dosage is highly individualized based on the patient's condition, age, weight, and response to treatment.
- Adults: The usual dosage is 1.5 grams every 6 hours.
- Children: Dosage for children is calculated based on their weight and the specific infection being treated.
Important Precautions:
- Hypersensitivity: Ampicillin + Sulbactam is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to penicillin antibiotics or sulbactam.
- Allergic Reactions: Serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity reactions have been reported with ampicillin + sulbactam.
- Severe Skin Reactions: Severe cutaneous adverse reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), have been reported with ampicillin + sulbactam.
- Gastrointestinal Side Effects: Ampicillin + Sulbactam can cause gastrointestinal side effects, including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. In severe cases, it can lead to antibiotic-associated colitis, a potentially life-threatening condition caused by an overgrowth of Clostridium difficile bacteria.
- Renal Impairment: Ampicillin + Sulbactam is primarily excreted by the kidneys. In patients with renal impairment, the dosage should be reduced to compensate for slower excretion.
- Concurrent Medications: Ampicillin + Sulbactam should be used with caution in patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics (such as furosemide) or aminoglycosides.
Side Effects:
Common side effects include:
- Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain.
- Skin: Rash, itching, hives.
- Injection Site: Pain, redness, swelling at the injection site.
Less common, but more serious side effects can include:
- Antibiotic-associated colitis: Severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, and bloody stools.
- Hypersensitivity reactions: Anaphylaxis, angioedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis.
- Kidney problems: Change in the amount of urine, blood in the urine.
- Liver problems: Nausea/vomiting that doesn't stop, loss of appetite, stomach/abdominal pain, yellowing eyes/skin, dark urine.
Drug Interactions:
Ampicillin + Sulbactam can interact with other medications, including:
- Neuromuscular blocking agents: Ampicillin + Sulbactam can enhance the effects of neuromuscular blocking agents.
- Vitamin K antagonists: Ampicillin + Sulbactam can increase the risk of bleeding when taken with vitamin K antagonists like warfarin.
- Probenecid: Probenecid can increase the levels of ampicillin in the blood.
Important Note:
This information is for general knowledge only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with your doctor or pharmacist for specific dosage instructions, potential risks, and any other questions you may have regarding Ampicillin + Sulbactam Vial 1.5gm.
Key Takeaways:
- Ampicillin + Sulbactam Vial 1.5gm is a powerful antibiotic combination used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections.
- It's typically administered via intravenous or intramuscular injection.
- Dosage is highly individualized based on patient factors.
- It's crucial to be aware of potential side effects, drug interactions, and the need for careful monitoring.
- Always consult with a healthcare professional for specific medical advice.
